Commission on High Pressure

National and International Synchrotron and Neutron Facilities for High-Pressure Experiments.

Synchrotron Facilities:

Europe:

France:

Short Description:

High-Pressure Facilities:

ESRF (Grenoble):

3rd generation synchrotron source for hard X-rays. Operational since 1994. Energy 6 GeV. Current 200 mA. Insertion devices (ID's) and bending magnets (BM's) create X-rays up to 100 keV. 33 beamlines are run by ESRF. 12 beamlines are operated by collaborative research groups (CRG) Beamtime is awarded on the basis of a proposal system. Proposals are evaluated twice a year.

ID30: White or monochromatic X-rays between 10 and 100 keV. DACs externally heated and laser-heated; cryostat. Paris-Edinburgh-press. Angle- and energy-dispersive diffraction. Powder and single crystal. Contact: M. Mezouar.

ID09: Diffraction beamline 50% dedicated to high-pressure. DACs, cryostat, off-line laser-heating. Paris-Edinburgh-press, Angle- and energy-dispersive diffraction. Mainly Powder. Contact: M. Hanfland

ID24. Dispersive EXAFS-beamline. DAC, Dispersive high-pressure EXAFS. Contact: S. Pascarelli.

BM29. EXAFS-Beamline. Paris-Edinburgh cell. EXAFS and XANES. Contact: M. Borowski.

BM01: Swiss-Norwegian CRG; Multipurpose beamline. DACs, Angle dispersive diffraction. Powder and single crystal. Contact: P. Pattison.

High Pressure experiments can also be performed on ID18 (nuclear resonance) and ID28 (Inelastic scattering).

LURE (Orsay, Paris):

The French national 2nd generation synchrotron sources has two storage rings, where only 'DCI' creates hard X-rays.Operational since 1976. Energy 1.85 GeV. Current 300 mA. DCI creates soft- and hard X-rays up to 50 keV with bending magnets and an unulator. Beamtime can be applied for through a standard proposal system.

D11: Dispersive X-ray absorption. Devoted to abput 1/3 to high-pressure experiments. Contact: F. Baudelet

DW11A: Energy dispersive diffraction with diamond anvil cell. Laser heating. Contact: J. P. Itié

UK:

Short Description:

High-Pressure Facilities:

SRS (Daresbury):

Worlds first dedicated (=2nd generation) synchrotron facility. Operational since 1980. Energy 2 GeV. Current 250 mA.16 bending magnets and 3 insertion devices create light from ultraviolet to hard X-rays. Beamtime is awarded by a proposal system

9.1: 5 Tesla Wiggler creates radiation between 7 keV and 30 keV. Station is mainly used for powder diffraction. It is equipped with a flat image plate system which allows diamond-anvil-cell high-pressure powder diffraction. One of the first stations in the world to exploit 2-d detectors for high-pressure powder diffraction. Contact: M. A. Roberts

9.8: This station is a high flux single crystal instrument which can be operated with a Bruker AXS SMART diffractometer or a CAD-4 diffractometer. Diamond-anvil-cell high-pressure experimenst can be done in combination with the CAD-4. Contact: S. Teat.

16.4: A white beam station dedicated to non-ambient condition powder diffraction. Experiments are possible with hydrothermal bombs (~ 10 kbar), diamond anvil cells (0 - 60 GPa) and a walker-type multi-anvil apparatus (0 -25 GPa, RT - 2700 K). Contact: S. Clark.

Germany:

Short Description:

High-Pressure Facilities:

HASYLAB (Hamburg):

Under Construction

Under Construction

Russia:

Short Description:

High-Pressure Facilities:

SSRC (Novosibirsk):

Under Construction

Under Construction

America:

USA:

Short Description:

High-Pressure Facilities:

APS (Argonne IL):

3rd generation synchrotron source for hard X-rays. Operational since 1996. Energy 7 GeV. Current 100 mA. A total of 70 BL's with insertion devices (ID's) and bending magnets (BM's) (will) create X-rays up to 100 keV. All beamlines are run by private collaborative access teams (CAT's). Beamtime application has to be done through the CAT's.

13-ID: Multipurpose BL of GSECARS. DAC: Energy and Angle dispersive diffraction. In situ Laser heating. Large Volume facilities: 1000-Ton (40 GPa and 3000 K). Contact: G. Shen, (Y. Wang).

13-BM: Multipurpose BL of GSECARS. 250 ton press with T-cup tooling (28 GPa, 2000K). Contact: (Y. Wang; left GSECARS).

HPCAT: Dedicated multifunctional high-pressure beamline.1 ID and 1 BM. Under construction.Contact: D. Haeusermann.

NSLS (Brookhaven NY):

2nd generation X-ray and VUV storage ring. Operational since 1982. Energy 2.8 GeV. Current 400 mA. The X-ray ring feeds about 60 beamlines through bending magnets, undulators and wigglers with X-rays between 1 and 20 keV. Beamlines are built and operated by 'Participating Research Teams' (PRT). 25 % of operation time is devoted to the General Users Program.

X17B: Wiggler beamline for energy-dispersive and monochromatic (image-plate) experiments. SAM85 DIA-type large volume facilities (15 GPa, 2000 K). Contact: Zhong Zhong

X17C: Wiggler beamline for energy dispersive powder and single-crystal X-ray diffraction on diamond anvil samples (up to 3 Mbar). In situ resisitive heating (1100 K @ 1 Mbar) and off-line laser heating (4000 K). Contact: J.Z. Hu, H.-K. Mao.

CHESS (Ithaca NY):

Access by proposal system

High pressure facilities for both image plate and energy dispersive diffraction on beamline B1
Contact: Chang Shen Za

Asia/Pacific:

Japan:

Short Description:

High-Pressure Facilities:

SPring-8 (Nishi Harima):

Largest 3rd generation synchrotron facility. Operational since 1997. Energy: 8 GeV. Current: 100 mA. A total of 61 BL will be built: 31 public BL, 15 contract BL (privately constructed and run), 16 JAERI/RIKEN BL's.

BL04B1: Bending magnet source for white beam experiments. 1500 ton press with 6-8 multi anvil type press (40 GPa, 2000K); High pressure gas vessel (helium 2000 kg/cm2 , 1650°C).Contact: S. Urakawa.

BL04B2: Bending magnet beamline for monochromatic X-rays > 38 keV. High Pressure gas vessel. Contact: K. Suzuya.

BL10XU: In vacuum undulator for monochromatic (20 - 35 keV) X-rays. set-up for DAC (bring your own). Cryostat, in situ laser-heating. Contact: N. Hamaya.

BL11XU: In vacuum undulator 5 - 70 keV. Large volume apparatus SMAP180 (15 GPa, 1500 K). Contact: Y. Katayama .

BL14B1: Bending magnet for white (5 - 150 keV) and monochromatic (5 - 90 keV) X-rays for diffraction and XAS.Large volume apparatus (20 GPa, 1800 K). Contact: J. Mizuki.

BL15IN: In vacuum linear and helical undulators for X-rays between 0.5 amd 60 keV. X-ray diffract-spectrometry under ultra high pressure. Contact: S. Fukushima.

Photon-Factory: (Tsukuba):

Under Construction

Under Construction

China:

Short Description:

High-Pressure Facilities:

BSRF (Bejing):

Under Construction

Under Construction

Neutron Facilities:

Europe:

UK:

Short Description:

High-Pressure Facilities:

ISIS (Oxford):

The worlds brightest pulsed neutron (and muon) source. Spallation is achieved at a Ta source by a 800 MeV proton beam. RT-water, 100 K methane and 20 K hydrogen is used to moderate the neutrons. Operational since 1985. A total of 19 neutron instruments are grouped around the source. Beamtime is allocated by a proposal system. EU-researchers can apply for beamtime through the 'EU 5th framework program'.

Dedicated high-pressure insturment HiPr-PEARL and various pressure devices can in principle be used on most of the stations. The following 5 presses are available: - Inert gas cell: P_max = 0.7 GPa, 1.5 K < T < 300 K; - McWhan Clamp: P_max = 2.5 GPa, 4.2 K < T < 300 K; - Paris-Edinburgh cell: P_max = 30 GPa, 100 K < T < 300 K; - High-temperature McWhan cell: P_max = 1.0 GPa, 300 K < T < 1000 K; - Liquids cell: "null" alloy, P_max = 0.7 GPa, 1.5 K < T < 700 K.

HiPr-PEARL: Medium resolution high-flux instrument dedicated to high-pressure. Built in collaboration with Universities of Edinburgh and Paris.Eleven detector moudels, each consisiting of 120 Li-doped ZnS scintillators make optimal use of the specific geometry imposed by the Paris-Edinburgh cell. Contact: W. G. Marshall

POLARIS: Medium resolution powder diffraction instrument. High flux of thermal neutrons allows structural work of very small volumes and/or at very short time. Contact: S. Hull

SANDALS: Optimized for small angle diffraction of amorphous and liquids. Covers a Q-range from 0.05 to 50 Å. A special flat-plate geometry pressure cell for pressures up to 5 kbar is available. Contact: A. K. Soper.

Russia:

Short Description:

High-Pressure Facilities:

FLNP (Dubna):

Fast pulsed neutron reactor. Mean power 2 MW, in pulse 1500 MW. Pulse frequency 5 Hz.300 K water and cold methane moderate the neutrons for experiments on 5 diffractometers, 1 small-angle instrument, 4 inelastic spectrometers and 3 reflectometers. The FLNP can be used by all scientists. Beamtime is awarded through a standard proposal system.

DN-2: Multipurpose diffractometer with a wavelength range of 1.1 Å to 20 Å. Two dimensional PSD ca. A5. Gas cell for pressures up to 1 GPa. Contact: A. Beskrovni

DN-12: High-pressure diffractometer (wavelengths 0.9 - 4 Å) employing saphire- (< 10 GPa) and diamond anvil cells (< 20 GPa). ToF detectors. Contact: B. Savenko

SCAT: Texture goniometer. Allows also mounting of pressure cells. HP-texture device planned. Contact: K. Ullemayer.

NERA-PR: Inelastic ToF spectrometer, wavelength range 0.4 - 7 Å. Energy transfer 0 - 250 meV, momentum transfer 0.1 - 3.0 Å^-1. Gas cell for pressure up to 1 GPa at temperatures between 20 and 400 K available. Contact: I. Natkaniesh.

France:

Short Description:

High-Pressure Facilities:

ILL (Grenoble):

High-flux continuous neutron reactor. Access by proposal system

Various pressure cells for use in principal on all beamlines

LLB (Gif-sur-Yvette):

Under Construction

Under Construction

America:

USA:

IPNS (Argonne IL):

Under Construction

Under Construction

LANSCE (Los Alamos NM):

Spallation source where 800 MeV protons are directed onto two targets, whereof one (Lujan Center) uses W to produce neutron pulses. Liquid hydrogen and cooled water are used as moderators. OPerational since 1986. The Lujan center has a total of 10 instrumented flight-paths. Scientific proposals can be submitted for single measurements as well as long-term projects. beamtime can also be purchased for propriety programs.

HIPD: High intensity ToF powder diffractometer. Wavlength range 0.2 - 10 Å. The instrument can accomodate various ancillary equipment, among others a paris-Edinburgh pressure cell for pressures up to 10 GPa. A new TAP cell has been which allows combination of pressure and temperature up to 30 GPa and 2000 K, making it the most extreme conditions attainable for in situ neutron studies. Contact: B. Von Dreele

HIPPO: Dedicated to materials reseach on polycristalline and liquid samples at non-ambient temperatures and pressures. Specialized on measurements of preferred orientation. Novel 3-dim arrangement of detectors allows to make use of small samples. This allows the use of a pressure cell covering a P-T range between 0 - 20 GPa and 300 - 2000 K. Contact: K. A. Bennett

ORNL (Oak Ridge TN):

New 1 MW spallation source SNS under construction due to open in 2006.

llo Dedicated high-pressure beamline part of the day-one beamline suite subject to succesful funding application. Contact Chris Tulk.

Asia/Pacific:

Japan:

KENS: (Tsukuba)

Pulsed neutron source utilizing 500 MeV protons from a booster synchrotron also feeding a 12 GeV synchrotron. Operational since 1980, it uses a depleted Uranium target since 1985. About 20 instruments are provided with thermal and cold neutrons through water- and 20 K methane respectively. The facility is open to all scientists from Japanes institutions. Beamtime is allocated through a proposal system.

Under Construction

Australia:

ANSTO (Lucas Heights):

Under Construction

Under Construction

France:
	Short Description:	High-Pressure Facilities:
ESRF (Grenoble):	3rd generation synchrotron source for hard X-rays. Operational since 1994. Energy 6 GeV. Current 200 mA. Insertion devices (ID's) and bending magnets (BM's) create X-rays up to 100 keV. 33 beamlines are run by ESRF. 12 beamlines are operated by collaborative research groups (CRG) Beamtime is awarded on the basis of a proposal system. Proposals are evaluated twice a year.	ID30: White or monochromatic X-rays between 10 and 100 keV. DACs externally heated and laser-heated; cryostat. Paris-Edinburgh-press. Angle- and energy-dispersive diffraction. Powder and single crystal. Contact: *M. Mezouar. ID09: Diffraction beamline 50% dedicated to high-pressure.* DACs, cryostat, off-line laser-heating. Paris-Edinburgh-press, Angle- and energy-dispersive diffraction. Mainly Powder. Contact: *M. Hanfland* ID24. Dispersive EXAFS-beamline. DAC, Dispersive high-pressure EXAFS. Contact: *S. Pascarelli. BM29. EXAFS-Beamline.* Paris-Edinburgh cell. EXAFS and XANES. Contact: *M. Borowski. BM01: Swiss-Norwegian CRG; Multipurpose beamline. DACs, Angle dispersive diffraction. Powder and single crystal. Contact:* *P. Pattison. High Pressure experiments can also be performed on* ID18 (nuclear resonance) and ID28 (Inelastic scattering).
LURE (Orsay, Paris):	The French national 2nd generation synchrotron sources has two storage rings, where only 'DCI' creates hard X-rays.Operational since 1976. Energy 1.85 GeV. Current 300 mA. DCI creates soft- and hard X-rays up to 50 keV with bending magnets and an unulator. Beamtime can be applied for through a standard proposal system.	D11: Dispersive X-ray absorption. Devoted to abput 1/3 to high-pressure experiments. Contact: *F. Baudelet* DW11A: Energy dispersive diffraction with diamond anvil cell. Laser heating. Contact: *J. P. Itié*

UK:
	Short Description:	High-Pressure Facilities:
SRS (Daresbury):	Worlds first dedicated (=2nd generation) synchrotron facility. Operational since 1980. Energy 2 GeV. Current 250 mA.16 bending magnets and 3 insertion devices create light from ultraviolet to hard X-rays. Beamtime is awarded by a proposal system	9.1: 5 Tesla Wiggler creates radiation between 7 keV and 30 keV. Station is mainly used for powder diffraction. It is equipped with a flat image plate system which allows diamond-anvil-cell high-pressure powder diffraction. One of the first stations in the world to exploit 2-d detectors for high-pressure powder diffraction. Contact: *M. A. Roberts* 9.8: This station is a high flux single crystal instrument which can be operated with a Bruker AXS SMART diffractometer or a CAD-4 diffractometer. Diamond-anvil-cell high-pressure experimenst can be done in combination with the CAD-4. Contact: *S. Teat. 16.4:* A white beam station dedicated to non-ambient condition powder diffraction. Experiments are possible with hydrothermal bombs (~ 10 kbar), diamond anvil cells (0 - 60 GPa) and a walker-type multi-anvil apparatus (0 -25 GPa, RT - 2700 K). Contact: *S. Clark*.

Germany:
	Short Description:	High-Pressure Facilities:
HASYLAB (Hamburg):	Under Construction	Under Construction

Russia:
	Short Description:	High-Pressure Facilities:
SSRC (Novosibirsk):	Under Construction	Under Construction

USA:
	Short Description:	High-Pressure Facilities:
APS (Argonne IL):	3rd generation synchrotron source for hard X-rays. Operational since 1996. Energy 7 GeV. Current 100 mA. A total of 70 BL's with insertion devices (ID's) and bending magnets (BM's) (will) create X-rays up to 100 keV. All beamlines are run by private collaborative access teams (CAT's). Beamtime application has to be done through the CAT's.	13-ID: Multipurpose BL of GSECARS. DAC: Energy and Angle dispersive diffraction. In situ Laser heating. Large Volume facilities: 1000-Ton (40 GPa and 3000 K). Contact: **G. Shen, (Y. Wang). 13-BM: Multipurpose BL of GSECARS. 250 ton press with T-cup tooling (28 GPa, 2000K). Contact: (Y. Wang; left GSECARS). HPCAT: Dedicated multifunctional high-pressure beamline.1 ID and 1 BM. Under construction.Contact: D. Haeusermann**.
NSLS (Brookhaven NY):	2nd generation X-ray and VUV storage ring. Operational since 1982. Energy 2.8 GeV. Current 400 mA. The X-ray ring feeds about 60 beamlines through bending magnets, undulators and wigglers with X-rays between 1 and 20 keV. Beamlines are built and operated by 'Participating Research Teams' (PRT). 25 % of operation time is devoted to the General Users Program.	X17B: Wiggler beamline for energy-dispersive and monochromatic (image-plate) experiments. SAM85 DIA-type large volume facilities (15 GPa, 2000 K). Contact: Zhong Zhong X17C: Wiggler beamline for energy dispersive powder and single-crystal X-ray diffraction on diamond anvil samples (up to 3 Mbar). In situ resisitive heating (1100 K @ 1 Mbar) and off-line laser heating (4000 K). Contact: *J.Z. Hu, H.-K. Mao*.
CHESS (Ithaca NY):	Access by proposal system	High pressure facilities for both image plate and energy dispersive diffraction on beamline B1 Contact: Chang Shen Za

Japan:
	Short Description:	High-Pressure Facilities:
SPring-8 (Nishi Harima):	Largest 3rd generation synchrotron facility. Operational since 1997. Energy: 8 GeV. Current: 100 mA. A total of 61 BL will be built: 31 public BL, 15 contract BL (privately constructed and run), 16 JAERI/RIKEN BL's.	BL04B1: Bending magnet source for white beam experiments. 1500 ton press with 6-8 multi anvil type press (40 GPa, 2000K); High pressure gas vessel (helium 2000 kg/cm2 , 1650°C).Contact: *S. Urakawa. BL04B2: Bending magnet beamline for monochromatic X-rays > 38 keV. High Pressure gas vessel. Contact:* *K. Suzuya. BL10XU: In vacuum undulator for monochromatic (20 - 35 keV) X-rays. set-up for DAC (bring your own). Cryostat, in situ laser-heating. Contact:* *N. Hamaya. BL11XU: In vacuum undulator 5 - 70 keV. Large volume apparatus SMAP180 (15 GPa, 1500 K). Contact:* *Y. Katayama* . BL14B1: Bending magnet for white (5 - 150 keV) and monochromatic (5 - 90 keV) X-rays for diffraction and XAS.Large volume apparatus (20 GPa, 1800 K). Contact: *J. Mizuki. BL15IN: In vacuum linear and helical undulators for X-rays between 0.5 amd 60 keV. X-ray diffract-spectrometry under ultra high pressure. Contact:* *S. Fukushima*.
Photon-Factory: (Tsukuba):	Under Construction	Under Construction

China:
	Short Description:	High-Pressure Facilities:
BSRF (Bejing):	Under Construction	Under Construction

USA:
IPNS (Argonne IL):	Under Construction	Under Construction
LANSCE (Los Alamos NM):	Spallation source where 800 MeV protons are directed onto two targets, whereof one (Lujan Center) uses W to produce neutron pulses. Liquid hydrogen and cooled water are used as moderators. OPerational since 1986. The Lujan center has a total of 10 instrumented flight-paths. Scientific proposals can be submitted for single measurements as well as long-term projects. beamtime can also be purchased for propriety programs.	HIPD: High intensity ToF powder diffractometer. Wavlength range 0.2 - 10 Å. The instrument can accomodate various ancillary equipment, among others a paris-Edinburgh pressure cell for pressures up to 10 GPa. A new TAP cell has been which allows combination of pressure and temperature up to 30 GPa and 2000 K, making it the most extreme conditions attainable for in situ neutron studies. Contact: *B. Von Dreele* HIPPO: Dedicated to materials reseach on polycristalline and liquid samples at non-ambient temperatures and pressures. Specialized on measurements of preferred orientation. Novel 3-dim arrangement of detectors allows to make use of small samples. This allows the use of a pressure cell covering a P-T range between 0 - 20 GPa and 300 - 2000 K. Contact: *K. A. Bennett*
ORNL (Oak Ridge TN):	New 1 MW spallation source SNS under construction due to open in 2006.	llo Dedicated high-pressure beamline part of the day-one beamline suite subject to succesful funding application. Contact Chris Tulk.

Japan:
KENS: (Tsukuba)	Pulsed neutron source utilizing 500 MeV protons from a booster synchrotron also feeding a 12 GeV synchrotron. Operational since 1980, it uses a depleted Uranium target since 1985. About 20 instruments are provided with thermal and cold neutrons through water- and 20 K methane respectively. The facility is open to all scientists from Japanes institutions. Beamtime is allocated through a proposal system.	Under Construction

Australia:
ANSTO (Lucas Heights):	Under Construction	Under Construction